U.S. Geological Survey 2001 map Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey This dataset contains geochemical data for soil samples collected by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) personnel and analyzed in the analytical laboratories of the Geologic Division of the USGS. These data represent analyses of soil samples collected in support of various USGS programs. The data were originally entered into the in-house Rock Analysis Storage System (RASS) database which was used by the Geologic Division from the early- 1970's through the late-1980's to archive geochemical data. An unpublished CD-ROM was developed in 1996 that contains the RASS data in GSSEARCH format. That CD was used to generate this data set. These data may be useful for mineral resource evaluation and for defining geochemical baseline values and statistics. approximately 1965 approximately 1988 Sample collection and analysis period Complete The RASS database is currently the focus of an error- identification and correction process that has, to this point in time (January 2001), concentrated on data from Alaska. Upgraded data files for Alaska from the RASS database are being placed on the following web site as they become available: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-433/ The upgrades are primarly related to 1) additional information on the exact sample medium analyzed, 2) adding location coordinates where there were none, and 3) correcting location coordinates known to be inaccurate. -166.3 46.47 69.67 17.68 None soil geochemistry geochemical data ISO 19115 Topic Categories geoscientificInformation NGDA Portfolio Themes Geology None United States of America None 2001 None None Smith, David B. U.S. Geological Survey Mailing address

Box25046, MS 973 Denver Federal Center

Denver Colorado 80225 United States of America 1-303-236-1849 1-303-236-3200 <dsmith@usgs.gov> Elizabeth A. Bailey David B. Smith Carl C. Abston Matthew Granitto Kuuipo A. Burleigh 2000 2.0 U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-433 http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-433/ The samples in this dataset were chemically analyzed by a variety of techniques over a period of time from the early 1960's to the late 1980's. The accuracy of the data varies with the analytical methodology and with the concentration of the element being analyzed. A qualifier such as "N" (less than the detection limit of the analytical method) or "G" (greater than the upper determination limit of the analytical method) accompanies some analytical data values. These qualifiers are defined as follows: L = the element was detected by the technique but at a level below the lower limit of determination for the method. The value of the lower limit of determination is given in the adjacent data field. G = the element was measured at a concentration greater than the upper determination limit for the method. The upper limit of determination is given in the adjacent data field. N = the element was not detected at concentrations above the lower limit of determination for the method. The value of the lower limit of determination is given in the adjacent data field. B = the element was requested for analysis by the sample submitter, but for some reason the laboratories did not analyze for this element. When appropriate, these qualifying values appear in this dataset as a separate field preceding each element. The attribute, or field name, for the qualifier field is always denoted by the letter "Q". For example, "N" in the "S_ASQ" field preceding an analytical data field labelled "S_AS" would indicate the actual concentration of arsenic (AS) is less than the data value listed, which is the lower limit of determination for the method. The soil samples in this dataset were collected for a variety of purposes. Most of the studies were related to assessing the mineral resources of the study area. Not all samples were subject to the same sample preparation protocol or the same analytical protocol. For example, different size fractions of soil may have been analyzed for different study areas. One of the problems with the RASS database is that it did not have a mechanism for providing sample preparation protocol. In upgrading the RASS database, we will attempt to provide more detailed information where possible on how the samples were prepared prior to analysis. This dataset provides chemical data for Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Ti, Mn, Ag, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, La, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sc, Sn, Sr, U, V, W, Y, Zn, Zr, Th, Tl, F, Hg, Pt, and Pd. In addition, the dataset provides location and descriptive information for each sample. Not all the descriptive fields contain information for a particular sample because not all sample submitters completed all the fields. The analytical methods used were selected by the sample submitter based on the goals of the project and will vary throughout the data set. The predominant analytical methods used for samples in this dataset are: Emission Spectrography: Grimes and Marranzino, 1968; Fe, Mg, Ca, Ti, Mn, Ag, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, La, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sc, Sn, Sr, V, W, Y, Zn, Zr, Th, Ga, Ge, Pd, and Pt. Atomic Absorption, partial extraction: O'Leary and Meier, 1986; O' Leary and Viets, 1986; Viets, 1978; Viets, Clark, and Campbell, 1984; Viets, O'Leary, and Clark, 1984; Ward and others, 1969: Ag, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn. The complete references for all analytical methods used are given below: Adrian, B.A. and Carlson, R.R., personal communication, Platinum-group elements and gold by nickel-sulfide fire assay separation and optical emission spectroscopy Alminas, H. and Mosier, E.L., 1976, Oxalic-acid leaching of rock, soil, and stream-sediment samples as an anomaly-accentuation technique: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-275. 26 p. Chao, T.T., Sanzolone, R.F., and Hubert, A.E., 1978, Flame and flameless atomic absorption determination of tellurium in geologic materials: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 96, p. 251-257. Church, S.E., 1981, Multi-element analysis of fifty-four geochemical reference samples using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry: Geostandards Newsletter, v. 5, p. 133-160. Cooley, E.F., Curry, K.J., and Carlson, R.R., 1976, Analysis for the platinum-group metals and gold by fire-assay emission spectroscopy: Applied Spectroscopy, v. 30. P. 52-56. Fishman, M.J., and Pyen, G., 1979, Determination of selected anions in water by ion chromatography: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations 79-101, 30 p. Grimes, D.J., and Marranzino, A.P., 1968, Direct-current arc and alternating-current spark emission spectrographic field methods for the semiquantitative analysis of geologic materials: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 591, 6 p. Hubert, A.E., and Chao, T.T., 1985, Determination of gold, indium, tellurium and thallium in the same sample digest of geological materials by atomic-absorption spectroscopy and two-step solvent extraction: Talanta, v. 32, no. 7, p. 568-570. McKown, D.M., and Knight, R.J., 1990, Determination of uranium and thorium in geologic materials by delayed neutron counting, in Arbogast, B.F., editor, Quality assurance manual for the Branch of Geochemistry, U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-668, p. 146-15 Mosier, E.L., 1972, A method for semiquantitative spectrographic analysis of plant ash for use in biogeochemical and environmental studies: Applied Spectroscopy, v. 26, no. 6, p. 636-641. Mosier, E.L., 1975, Use of emission spectroscopy for the semiquantitative analysis of trace elements in silver and native gold, in Ward, F.N., editor, New and refined methods of trace analysis useful in geochemical exploration: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1408, p. 97-105. Mosier, E.L., and Motooka, J.M., 1984, Induction coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry-Analysis of subsurface Cambrian carbonate rocks for major, minor, and trace elements, in Proceedings volume of international conference on Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits, Oct. 11-14: Rolla, MO, University of Missouri-Rolla, p. 155-165. Myers, A.T., Havens, R.G., and Dunton, P.J., 1961, A spectrochemical method for the semiquantitative analysis of rocks, minerals, and ores: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1084-I, p. I207-I229. O'Leary, R.M., 1990, Determination of sulfur in geologic materials by iodometric titration, in Arbogast, B.F., editor, Quality assurance manual for the Branch of Geochemistry, U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-668, p. 136-138. O'Leary, R.M., and Meier, A.L., 1986, Analytical methods used in geochemical exploration in 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 948, 48 p. O'Leary, R.M., and Meier, A.L., 1986, Bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, silver, and zinc, organic extraction method, in Analytical methods used in geochemical exploration, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 948,p. 11-13. O'Leary, R.M., and Viets, J.G., 1986, Determination of antimony, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, molybdenum, silver, and zinc in geologic materials by atomic absorption spectrometry using a hydrochloric acid-hydrogen peroxide digestion: Atomic Spectroscopy, v. 7, no. 1, p. 4-8. Orion Research, Inc., 1975, Orion Research Analytical Methods Guide, 7th edition: Cambridge, MA, 20 p. Perkin-Elmer Corporation, 1976, Analytical methods for atomic absorption spectrophotometry: Norwalk, CT, Perkin-Elmer Corp., 586 p. Perkin-Elmer Corporation, 1977, Analytical methods for atomic absorption spectrophotometry, using the HGA graphite furnace: Norwalk, CT, Perkin-Elmer Corp., 286 p. Sutley, S.J., and Mosier, E.L., personal communication, Rb, Cs, Li, Tl by modification of optical emission spectroscopy method of Grimes and Marranzino, 1968 Thompson, C.E., Nakagawa, H.M., and VanSickle, G.H., 1968, Rapid analysis for gold in geologic materials: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 600-B, p. B130-B132. Vaughn, W.W., and McCarthy, J.H., Jr., 1964, An instrumental technique for the determination of submicrogram concentrations of mercury in soils, rocks, and gas: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 501-D, p. D123-D127. Viets, J.G., 1978, Determination of silver, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in geologic materials by atomic absorption spectrometry with tricaprylyl methyl ammonium chloride: Analytical Chemistry, v. 50, no. 8, p. 1097-1101. Viets, J.G., Clark, J.R., and Campbell, W.L., 1984, A rapid, partial leach and organic separation for the sensitive determination of Ag, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn in surface geologic materials by flame atomic absorption: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 20, p. 355-366. Viets, J.G., O'Leary, R.M., and Clark, J.R., 1984, Determination of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, molybdenum, silver and zinc in geological materials by atomic-absorption spectrometry: The Analyst, v. 109, p. 1589-1592. Ward, F.N., Lakin, H.W., Canney, F.C., and others, 1963, Analytical methods used in geochemical exploration by the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1152, 100 p. Ward, F.N., Nakagawa, H.M., VanSickle, G.H., and Harms, T.F., 1969, Atomic absorption methods useful in geochemical exploration: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1289, 45 p. Watterson, J.R., 1976, Determination of tellurium and gold in rocks to 1 part per billion: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-531, 3 p. Sample locations were determined from USGS topographic maps of various scales. The accuracy is dependant on the scale of the map from which the determination was made as well as the care taken by the individual who made the determination. Unfortunately, some location coordinates were not carefully determined. In other cases, the individual who collected the samples only identified the location as a corner of the quadrangle in which the samples were collected. When submitters reported locations as degrees, minutes, and seconds of latitude and longitude the accuracy should be within a few seconds. When submitters only reported locations as degrees and minutes the accuracy is only to the nearest minute. The base maps, from which latitude and longitude coordinates were determined, use the 1927 North American Datum (NAD27) based on the Clarke 1866 ellipsoid. The data were generated by the analytical laboratories of the U.S. Geological Survey over several years, beginning in the early 1960s and ending about 1987. Upon completion of the chemical analysis, the data were stored in the RASS database. An unpublished CD-ROM was developed in 1996 that contains the RASS data in GSSEARCH format. This CD-ROM was used to generated the data set in .dbf format. The RASS DBF file was imported into ArcView 3.2 and an ArcView shapefile was generated which contained 30974 sample locations (93 samples were eliminated due to location discrepancies). 200101 coordinate pair Point 30974 Variable, generally within a few minutes. Variable, generally within a few minutes. Degrees, minutes, seconds North American Datum of 1927 Clarke 1866 6378206.4 294.98 soilsrass.dbf Geochemical sample submitted for analysis U.S. Geological Survey SUBNAME Submitter's name, name of the individual who submitted the samples to the laboratory for analysis. JOBNUMBER Arbitrary identifier for the analytical process TAGNUMBER Unique identification number assigned by the laboratory. FIELDNO Field number assigned by the submitter designated in the SUBNAME field. LATDD Latitude of sample site reported in Decimal Degress. 17.688611 69.666111 decimal degrees LONGDD Longitude of sample site reported in Decimal Degress. -166.300000 -64.568333 LATITUDE Latitude of sample site reported in degrees, minutes, and seconds (ddmmss), stored as an integer value LATDIR Direction north (N) or south (S) of the equator. N north LONGITUD Longitude of the sample site reported in degrees, minutes, and seconds (ddmmss), stored as an integer value LONGDIR Direction east (E) or west (W) of the 0 meridian (Greenwich). 0 W west SMPLTYPE Sample type, nature of material collected for sample. D soil METHCOLL Sample collection method, character of sample A Single (grab) B Composite C Channel D Other SMPLSRC Source of sample A Outcrop B Mine C Dump or prospect pit D Float E Drill hole, well F Marine G Other H Stream I Spring J Lake K Aquaduct, canal, irrigation ditch L Atmosphere SMPLDESC Sample description AL Alluvium AS Ash CL Clay CV Colluvium GV Gravel GT Grit HS Heavy sand LO Loess MD Mud OZ Ooze SN Sand SD Stream sediment SI Silt TI Till AN animal part S_FE_ Iron concentration (percent) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. 0.1000 50 S_MG_ Magnesium concentration (percent) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. 0.0000 20 S_CA_ Calcium concentration (percent) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_TI_ Titanium concentration (percent) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_MN Manganese concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_AG Silver concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_AS Arsenic concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_AU Gold concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_B Boron concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_BA Barium concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_BE Beryllium concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_BI Bismuth concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_CD Cadmium concenration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_CO Cobalt concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_CR Chromium concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_CU Copper concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_LA Lanthanum concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_MO Molybdenum concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_NB Niobium concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_NI Nickel concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_PB Lead concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_SB Antimony concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_SC Scandium concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_SN Tin concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_SR Strontium concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_V Vanadium concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_W Tungsten concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_Y Yttrium concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_ZN Zinc concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_ZR Zirconium concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. S_TH Thorium concentration (parts per million) as determined by semi-quantitative emission spectrometry. AA_AU_P Gold concentration (parts per million) as determined by partial extraction of the sample followed by atomic absorption spectrometry. INST_HG Mercury concentration (parts per million) as determined by an instrumental technique such as cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. AA_AS_P Arsenic concentration (parts per million) as determined by partial extraction of the sample followed by atomic absorption spectrometry. AA_CD_P Cadmium concentration (parts per million) as determined by partial extraction of the sample followed by atomic absorption spectrometry. AA_SB_P Antimony concentration (parts per million) as determined by partial extraction of the sample followed by atomic absorption spectrometry. AA_ZN_P Zinc concentration (parts per million) as determined by partial extraction of the sample followed by atomic absorption spectrometry. AA_CU_P Copper concentration (parts per million) as determined by partial extraction of the sample followed by atomic absorption spectrometry. AA_PB_P Lead concentration (parts per million) as determined by partial extraction of the sampled followed by atomic absorption spectrometry. AA_AG_P Silver concentration (parts per million) as determined by partial extraction of the sample followed by atomic absorption spectrometry. SI_F Fluorine concentration (parts per million) as determined by specific ion electrode. U_INST Uranium concentration (parts per million) as determined by an instrumental technique such as fluorimetry. AS_PT Platinum concentration (parts per million) as determined by fire assay emission spectrometry. AS_PD Paladium concentration (parts per million) as determined by fire assay emission spectrometry. CM_AS Arsenic concentration (parts per million) as determined by colorimetry. CM_MO Molybdenum concentration (parts per million) as determined by colorimetry. CM_W Tungsten concentration (parts per million) as determined by colorimetry. S_FE_Q Qualifier for estimate of Iron concentration S_MG_Q Qualifier for magnesium concentration (empty) The value is within the measurement tolerance of the analytical technique. S_CA_Q Qualifier for calcium concentration S_TI_Q Qualifier for titanium concentration S_MNQ Qualifier for manganese concentration S_AGQ Qualifier for silver concentration S_ASQ Qualifier for arsenic concentration S_AUQ Qualifier for gold concentration S_BQ Qualifier for boron concentration S_BAQ Qualifier for barium concentration S_BEQ Qualifier for beryllium concentration S_BIQ Qualifier for bismuth concentration S_CDQ Qualifier for cadmium concentration S_COQ Qualifier for cobalt concentration S_CRQ Qualifier for chromium concentration S_CUQ Qualifier for copper concentration S_LAQ Qualifier for lanthanum concentration S_MOQ Qualifier for molybdenum concentration S_NBQ Qualifier for niobium concentration S_NIQ Qualifier for nickel concentration S_PBQ Qualifier for lead concentration S_SBQ Qualifier for antimony concentration S_SCQ Qualifier for scandium concentration S_SNQ Qualifier for tin concentration S_SRQ Qualifier for strontium concentration S_VQ Qualifier for vanadium concentration S_WQ Qualifier for tungsten concentration S_YQ Qualifier for yttrium concentration S_ZNQ Qualifier for zinc concentration S_ZRQ Qualifier for zirconium concentration S_THQ Qualifier for thorium concentration AA_AU_PQ Qualifier for gold concentration (atomic absorption method) INST_HGQ Qualifier for mercury concentration based on instrumental technique AA_AS_PQ Qualifier for arsenic concentration (atomic absorption method) AA_CD_PQ Qualifier for cadmium concentration (atomic absorption method) AA_SB_PQ Qualifier for antimony concentration (atomic absorption method) AA_ZN_PQ Qualifier for zinc concentration (atomic absorption method) AA_CU_PQ Qualifier for copper concentration (atomic absorption method) AA_PB_PQ Qualifier for lead concentration (atomic absorption method) AA_AG_PQ Qualifier for silver concentration (atomic absorption method) SI_FQ Qualifier for fluorine concentration (specific ion electrode method) U_INSTQ Qualifier for uranium concentration (instrumental technique) AS_PTQ Qualifier for platinum concentration (fireassay emission spectrometry) AS_PDQ Qualifier for paladium concentration (fireassay emission spectrometry) PH pH of the sample ASH_ CM_ASQ Qualifier for arsenic concentration, colorimetry method CM_MOQ Qualifier for molybdenum concentration, colorimetry method CM_WQ Qualifier for tungsten concentration, colorimetry method Smith, David B. U.S. Geological Survey Research Geologist Mailing address

Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 973

Denver Colorado 80025 United States 1-303-236-1849 1-303-236-3200 dsmith@usgs.gov These data are released on the condition that neither the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from authorized or unauthorized use. The USGS provides these data "as is" and makes no guarantee or warranty concerning the accuracy of information contained in the data. The USGS further makes no warranties, either expressed or implied as to any other matter, whatsoever, including, without limitation, the condition of the product, or its fitness for any particular purpose. The burden for determining fitness for use lies entirely with the user. ESRI shapefile 1.0 Geochemical sample locations and analyses unzip 1.6 megabytes http://mrdata.usgs.gov/rass/soil/rasssoil.zip none 20030324 Smith, David B. U.S. Geological Survey Research Geologist Mailing address

Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 973

Denver Colorado 80225 United States 1-303-236-1849 1-303-236-3200 dsmith@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998