Jeffrey N. Grossman 1999 map Baedecker, Philip A. Grossman, Jeffrey N. Buttleman, Kim P. 1998 Tabular digital data U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-47 This dataset contains major-element geochemical data for igneous rocks in the U.S. extracted from the PLUTO Geochemical database. The PLUTO data base is comprised of inorganic geochemical data obtained by the analytical laboratories of the Geologic Division of the U.S. Geological Survey for samples collected throughout the United States, including Hawaii and Alaska, in support of USGS research. 1964 1995 analysis dates Complete None planned -179.1 -67.764 70.0 19.003 None igneous pluto geochemistry None United States None 1999 None The U.S. Geological Survey makes no warranties related to the accuracy of the data and users are required to determine the suitability of use for any particular purpose. Jeffrey N. Grossman U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

12201 Sunrise Valley Dr.

Reston VA 20192 USA 703 648-6184 jgrossman@usgs.gov ArcView 3.1 Windows NT 4.0 (SP3) The PLUTO database was created with the intent of storing data predominately for regional projects. The database is an agglomerate of data from projects that had differing analytical needs and that ranged in scale from studies of an outcrop to reconnaissance surveys of an entire state. The intended user of the data was the original submitter or associated project personnel, and the primary means of publicly releasing data were hardcopy USGS reports, as well as professional journals. Within this paradigm, some decisions were made which have affected the completeness and accuracy of the PLUTO database. 1) Coordinates: When samples were brought in for analysis, the submitter was required to include information about the sample for the database; descriptions, geocoding, and latitude-longitude coordinates. In the days before map digitizing boards and GPS units were common, the deter-mination of coordinates from field sheets was a time consuming and error prone process. In order to facilitate the analysis of samples, a deci-sion was made to allow submitters to enter the coordinates for the lower left (SW) corner of the submitter's working field map on which the samples could be plotted, which was most commonly a 7.5' or 15' quad- rangle map. In theory, the precise coordinates for these samples would be determined and added to the database at a later date. In practice, most of these precise coordinates were used in the USGS Open-File data releases but were never entered back into the PLUTO database. There-fore, the precision of coordinates in the PLUTO database varies from "good to the nearest second of latitude or longitude" to "good to the nearest 15 minutes of latitude or longitude". 2) Earth Ellipsoid or Datum: Since most of the coordinate data in the PLUTO database were determined from published USGS maps and not from recent GPS systems, the coordinates are based on the 1927 North American datum (also known as the Clarke 1866 ellipsoid). Most modern GPS sys-tems use the 1983 North American datum (NAD 83) or the World Geodetic System (WGS 84). If the PLUTO data are plotted using the wrong ellip-soid or datum, the location may be offset by a distance up to a couple hundred feet. 3) Geocoding: The submission of geocoding with samples was mandatory for some fields and optional for others. Therefore, the completeness of geocoding can vary. In addition, most geocodes were not checked for completeness, accuracy, or validity during data entry into the database. Therefore the PLUTO database contains some incorrect and invalid codes. 4) One geocode, the Material Code <MAT> was required. The Material Code designates the type of sample media analyzed. Unfortunately, there was no specific material code for "Heavy- Mineral-Concentrate" samples prior to 1991. Most, but not all, concentrate samples submitted since 1991 have a Material Code of K. Before 1991, most concentrate samples were coded as A (rock), D (unconsolidated sediment), or Z (other) based upon the parent material. The most common problem is in distinguishing pre-1991 stream sediments from heavy-mineral concentrates. The user should check the <B12> geocoding field for indication that the sample was "processed". Many times concentrate samples can also be determined from the contents of the <DESC> description field. Additionally, the field number <FLDNO> for a concentrate sample will commonly have a suffix of C, C1, C2, C3, H, HM, or HN. 5) The PLUTO database contains a considerable amount of data for coal samples, although there is no specific material code for coal. The material code for all coal samples in the database is I (Organic fuel or related substance). The <DESC> description field is the most useful secondary field for identifying coal samples in the database. The analytical data on coal samples includes data on both whole coal and coal ash. Coal ash data is indexed in the database with "/A" following the element symbol (for example SiO2/A is silicon dioxide in ash). The ash data can be converted to a whole coal basis using the tabulated ash value (percent of sample remaining after combustion). We have observed that a large amount of the data for coal ash in the database (particularly spectroscopic data) has been entered as if the data were on the whole coal (i.e. without the "/A" designation on the index). 6) Qualifiers: Many analytical data values in the PLUTO database are accompanied by a qualifier - N, L, G, H, B which for compatibility with the GSBUILD/GSSEARCH software has been converted to numeric representa-tions: N = 1; L = 2; G = 3; H = 4; B = 5. The qualifiers are defined as follows: >N = Concentration was looked for but not detected at tabulated value >L or < = Concentration is less than the tabulated value >G or > = Concentration is greater than the tabulated value >H = The concentration could not be precisely determined because of interferences >B = Concentration was not determined The distinction between a value qualified by an N or an L is small and was not applied consistently between different types- of-analysis. For some semi-quantitative spectrographic methods, an N was used when an element concentration could not be detected and an L was used when the element could be detected but the concentration was below determination limits that could confidently be reported. In other words, a value qualified with an L was slightly more significant than one qualified with an N. However for other analytical methods, a concentration below the determination limits of the method may be qualified with either an N or an L depending upon the method, the analyst, or the laboratory. Therefore without specific knowledge of these factors, the safest way to treat values qualified with an N or an L is as "less than the tabulated value". 7) The data in the PLUTO CD-ROM database was entered manually by the analyst, or electronically via automatic data transfer from laboratory instruments. We have occasionally observed data in the database where we suspect there have been errors in data entry, or data tranmission (i.e. major element analyses that sum to greater than 1 gram/gram, or trace element analyses with unlikely exponents). It has not been possible to do a complete quality control check on the entire database. Therefore we encourage all users of the database to check the data with a critical eye. Are the analytical data geochemically consistent with the sample description as provided by the "geocoding"? The PLUTO CD-ROM database was constructed by processing the original PLUTO data base, checking for errors where possible, and using various selection criteria. The following criteria were chosen for selecting data for the CD-ROM PLUTO database: >Each sample must have a valid lab number (one character + 7 digits) >Each sample must have a valid state/location code. >Each sample must have a valid material code. >Each sample must have a valid latitude and longitude. >Each sample must be from the U.S. (including Alaska and Hawaii). >Each sample must contain valid analytical data. All data that have Latitude and Longitude values that fall within the boundaries of Indian reservations have also been deleted from the CD-ROM database, except for the Goshute and Wind River reservations. The deleted data is considered proprietary information by the corresponding reservations, and has not been approved for release. In the original PLUTO database the element fields are identified by numerical identification codes ("NIDS") which are defined by chemical species, units of concentration, and, in come cases, by analytical technique. "NIDS" in the PLUTO database are not preserved in the CD-ROM data base. All "NIDS" are converted either to the corresponding oxide (for major/minor elements) or to the element symbol (for minor or trace elements). (Data for multiple oxidation states are retained: e.g. Cr, CrO3, Cr2O3, Mn, MnO, MnO2, Mn203, FeO, Fe2O3, FeTO3.) The latitude and longitude are checked to see if they fall within the state and county specified. If the latitude and longitude fall outside the listed state and county, the distance in km of the tabulated lat. and long. from the specified county is reported in a separate field. Duplicate analytical results are deleted if the Type-of-analysis (TOA) codes are the same or if one or the other TOA code is missing. All missing data values have been deleted. Some data are not included in the CD-ROM data files. The database is mainly restricted to inorganic species as measured in whole rock samples. Most of the excluded data are specialized analyses (e.g. partial extraction data, water analyses, INAA coefficients of variation, etc.) Units (as defined by the "NIDS" in the PLUTO database) are not preserved in the CD-ROM data base. All data are reported in units of grams of analyte per gram of sample. Many samples in the PLUTO data set are missing the county code. If the county code is missing (or invalid), it is defined based on the latitude and longitude values, providing the state code is consistent with the latitude and longitude values. If the county code is present it must be valid for the specified state. 1) Coordinates: When samples were brought in for analysis, the submitter was required to include information about the sample for the database; descriptions, geocoding, and latitude- longitude coordinates. In the days before map digitizing boards and GPS units were common, the determination of coordinates from field sheets was a time consuming and error prone process. In order to facilitate the analysis of samples, a decision was made to allow submitters to enter the coordinates for the lower left (SW) corner of the submitter's working field map on which the samples could be plotted, which was most commonly a 7.5' or 15' quadrangle map. In theory, the precise coordinates for these samples would be determined and added to the database at a later date. In practice, most of these precise coordinates were used in the USGS Open-File data releases but were never entered back into the PLUTO database. Therefore, the precision of coordinates in the PLUTO database varies from "good to the nearest second of latitude or longitude" to "good to the nearest 15 minutes of latitude or longitude". 2) Earth Ellipsoid or Datum: Since most of the coordinate data in the PLUTO database were determined from published USGS maps and not from recent GPS systems, the coordinates are based on the 1927 North American datum (also known as the Clarke 1866 ellipsoid). Most modern GPS sys-tems use the 1983 North American datum (NAD 83) or the World Geodetic System (WGS 84). If the PLUTO data are plotted using the wrong ellip-soid or datum, the location may be offset by a distance up to a couple hundred feet. Baedecker, Philip A. Grossman, Jeffrey N. Buttleman, Kim P. 1998 U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-47 Tabular digital data CD-ROM 1964 1995 analysis date PLUTO National Geochemical Data Base: PLUTO Geochemical Data Base for the United States (1) Using Geosearch software contained on the CD, extracted all igneous rock records using the following criteria: (a) All records were fieldname MAT = A (Igneous rock) (b) Required that record had SIO2 present (silicon dioxide) - Using file conversion utility (ASCCNURT), 12 WK1 files were created based on analytical method Note: Each record had to have a method code of WX (wavelength dispersive XRF), AA (atomic absorption), QS (quantitative spectroscopy), or ZZ (unknown, mostly old wet-chemical data). (2) Imported WK files into Excel and created a subset based on the following: (a) Deleted trace elements (b) Deleted any No Data records (c) Deleted records with missing major elements (d) Deleted records with major elements too high for reliable determination (e) Expanded Geocoding Codes based on the manual: Instructions for submitting samples to Branch of Geochemistry: Sample submittal manual (4th edition 1993), published as USGS Open-File Report 93-533 (f) removed several unused fields (g) Replaced any number that had a "<" qualifier (below detection limit) with a negative number having the same absolute value. (h) Deleted records containing data with other qualifiers. Created DBF file of sample locations (i) Imported DBF file into ArcView 3.1 and created shapefile (pluto-ig.shp) 1999 Jeffrey N. Grossman U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

12201 Sunrise Valley Dr.

Reston VA 20192 USA jgrossman@usgs.gov 703-648-6184 vector Point 32919 0.000464 0.000464 Decimal degrees North American Datum of 1927 Clarke 1866 6370997 meters 294.98 >Labno Laboratory identification number of sample >field Field name assigned by geologist >full_name Previous two names concatenated together. >Jobn Analytical job identification number >State State where sample was collected >county County where sample was collected >latitude Latitude where sample was collected >longitude Longitude where sample was collected >formation Geological formation hosting sample >descriptio Geologist's description of the sample >Name Name of geologist who submitted sample for analysis >Sub_date Date of submission for analysis >character Indicates how typical sample is of an area and how it was collected. >source Source of sample (outcrop, mine, float, etc.) >Age Geological age of sample coded by the submitter. >rock_from Generic form of the rock (lava flow, xenolith, etc.) >texture_st Texture and structure of rock. >qtz_feldsp Quartz-feldspar occurrences and relationships. >rock_name Igneous rock type (basalt, granite, etc.) >econom_ge Mineralization noted by geologist in sample. >method Analytical method used for major elements. >sio2 Analytical result in weight percent. >al2o3 Analytical result in weight percent. >Mgo Analytical result in weight percent. >Cao Analytical result in weight percent. >Na2o Analytical result in weight percent. >K2o Analytical result in weight percent. >Tio2 Analytical result in weight percent. >p2o2 Analytical result in weight percent. >Mno Analytical result in weight percent. >Feto3 Analytical result (Total iron as iron 3+) in weight percent. >sum Sum of above. >Fe2o3 Analytical result in weight percent. >Feo Analytical result in weight percent. >H2o_plus Analytical result in weight percent. >H2o_minus Analytical result in weight percent. >Co2 Analytical result in weight percent. USGS Digital Data Series DDS-47 plutoig2.dbf LABNO Laboratory sample number assigned by the analytical laboratory. Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 8 non-unique alphanumeric identifier FIELD Sample field number assigned by the submitter designated in the NAME field. Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 15 non-unique alphanumeric identifier FULLNAME LABNO value concatenated with FIELD value Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 27 non-unique alphanumeric identifier JOBN Laboratory job number assigned by the analytical laboratory. A given job may have between 1 and 40 samples. Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 6 non-unique alphanumeric identifier STATE The state (or location) in which the sample was collected. Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 6 2-letter abbreviations for US states http://www.itl.nist.gov/fipspubs/fip5-2.htm (no value) D1 D2 D3 D5 M1 W1 W2 COUNTY The county in which the sample was collected. Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 18 county names in upper case LATITUDE The latitude of the sample location. Attribute_Type: Double Attribute_Width: 9 0.00000 70.06500 degrees 0.001 LONGITUDE The longitude of the sample location. By convention, longitudes west of Greenwich Meridian are negative. Attribute_Type: Double Attribute_Width: 11 -179.45000 0.00000 degrees 0.01 FORMATION This is intended to hold the name of the stratigraphic unit of formation rank or higher, represented by rock, mineral, or coal samples from the United States, Canada, or Mexico. In fact there are a variety of values that probably do not adhere to this definition. Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 37 free text DESCRIPTIO This field is defined by the sample submitter to describe the sample material and to list any distinguishing characteristics. Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 61 free text NAME This is the name of the individual who submitted the samples to the laboratory for analysis. Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 29 Form is generally last, first, middle initial, all upper case SUB__DATE Date that the samples were submitted to the laboratory for analysis (written as YYYYMMDD) Attribute_Type: Integer Attribute_Width: 8 19640109 19950406 days 1 CHARACTER Indicates how typical sample is of an area and how it was collected Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 26 Atypical channel sample Atypical composite Atypical other sample Atypical processed sample Atypical single sample Composite Other sample Other typical sample Processed sample Single sample Typical channel sample Typical composite Typical other sample Typical processed sample Typical single sample Uncoded Sample not characterized SOURCE Type of source material or location Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 33 Drill core/auger Drill cutting Float Marine Mine dump Natural outcrop Open pit mine/quarry Other Produced from well Prospect pit Road cut Uncoded Underground mine AGE Age of the sample if known Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 31 Cambrian Cretaceous Devonian Early Precambrian (Archaeozo Eocene Holocene Jurassic Late Precambrian (Proterozoi Mesozoic Miocene Mississippian Oligocene Ordovician Paleocene Paleozoic Pennsylvanian Permian Pleistocene Pliocene Precambrian Quaternary Silurian Tertiary Triassic Uncoded age not known ROCK_FORM Type of rock formation from which sample was collected Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 33 Autolith Dike Extrusive rock Flow or sill Inclusion Intrusive breccia Intrusive rock Lava flow Pipe or plug Pluton Pyroclastic Pyroclastic, bedded, indurated Pyroclastic, bedded, loose Pyroclastic, unsorted, indurated Pyroclastic, unsorted, loose Segregation Sill, laccolith, etc Stock Uncoded not specified Volc breccia or agglomerate Xenolith TEXTURE_ST Rock texture and structure Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 21 Massive Massive/aphanitic Massive/coarse-gr Massive/fine-gr Massive/glassy Massive/med-gr Massive/other Massive/Pegmatitic Massive/Pumiceous Massive/pumiceous Nonmassive Nonmassive/aphanitic Nonmassive/coarse-gr Nonmassive/fine-gr Nonmassive/glassy Nonmassive/med-gr Nonmassive/other Nonmassive/Pegmatitic Nonmassive/Pumiceous Nonmassive/pumiceous Porhyritic Porph/aphanitic Porph/coarse-gr Porph/fine-gr Porph/glassy Porph/med-gr Porph/other Porph/Pegmatitic Porph/pegmatitic Porph/Pumiceous Porph/pumiceous Uncoded not specified QTZ_FELDSP Relationship between quartz and feldspar in the rock Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 21 Feld present/no Q Feldspar is present, but quartz is not Feld present/Q Feldspar is present along with quartz Feldspathoids/no Q Feldspathoids are present, quartz is not Feldspathoids/Q Feldspathoids are present along with quartz K-feld=plag/no Q Potassium feldspars and plagioclase occur in subequal proportion, quartz is absent K-feld=plag/Q Potassium feldspars and plagioclase occur in subequal proportion, quartz is present K-Na feld dom/no Q Potassium and sodium feldspars predominate, quartz is absent K-Na feld dom/Q Potassium and sodium feldspars predominate, quartz is present Little-No feld/no Q Little or no feldspars occur, quartz is absent as well Little-no feld/Q Little or no feldspars occur, but quartz is present Plag dom/no Q Plagioclase dominates feldspars, no quartz Plag dom/Q Plagioclase dominates feldspars, quartz is present Uncoded not specified ROCK_NAME General rock classification Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 21 Alaskite Alkalic igneous Amphibolite Andesite Anorthosite Aplite Basalt Carbonatite Dacite Diabase Diorite Dunite Felsic igneous rock Gabbro Granite Granodiorite Intermediate igneous Lamprophyre Latite Mafic igneous Monzonite Obsidian Olivine basalt Other Pegmatite Peridotite Phonolite Pumice Pyroxenite Quartz diorite Quartz latite Quartz monzonite Rhyolite Syenite Trachyte Ultramafic igneous Uncoded none specified Volcanic glass ECON_GEOL Mineralization noted by geologist in sample. This field is used to identify samples of ores and (or) related protore, altered material, or other samples of possible economic significance. Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 19 Altered/epigen gang Sample of altered rock--may contain epigenetic gangue minerals May contain econ me Sample has not been mineralized or altered but may contain economic concentrations of metals (e.g., magmatic segregation, sedimentary iron ore, placer, etc.). May contain econ no Sample has not been mineralized but is from material that is, or may be of economic value as a nonmetallic ore or product (e.g., phosphorite, oil shale, coal, building stone). Mineralized/epigen Sample of mineralized rock--contains epigenetic ore minerals. Other econ material Other materials from or related to deposits of existing or potential economic significance. Residual concentrat Sample from a residual concentration that is, or may be, of economic value (e.g., lateritic iron deposits, certain bauxite deposits, etc.).* Uncoded not specified METHOD Instrument or technique used to analyze sample Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 19 Atomic absorption Quant spec Unknown WD-XRF SIO2 Silicon dioxide concentration (in percent by weight) Attribute_Type: Double Attribute_Width: 11 -100.000 99.600 percent by weight AL2O3 Aluminum oxide concentration (in percent by weight) Attribute_Type: Double Attribute_Width: 11 -1.000 39.680 percent by weight MGO Magnesium oxide concentration (in percent by weight) Attribute_Type: Double Attribute_Width: 11 -2.800 71.310 percent by weight CAO Calcium oxide concentration (in percent by weight) Attribute_Type: Double Attribute_Width: 11 -11.000 55.800 percent by weight NA2O Sodium oxide concentration (in percent by weight) Attribute_Type: Double Attribute_Width: 11 -2.500 22.800 percent by weight K2O Potassium oxide concentration (in percent by weight) Attribute_Type: Double Attribute_Width: 11 -4.000 16.700 percent by weight TIO2 Titanium dioxide concentration (in percent by weight) Attribute_Type: Double Attribute_Width: 11 -0.030 14.850 percent by weight P2O5 Phosphorus pentoxide concentration (in percent by weight) Attribute_Type: Double Attribute_Width: 11 -5.000 19.400 percent by weight MNO Manganese oxide concentration (in percent by weight) Attribute_Type: Double Attribute_Width: 11 -0.200 58.400 percent by weight FETO3 Total iron concentration expressed as ferric oxide (in percent by weight) Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 11 -0.010 79.360 percent by weight 0.01 SUM sum of the weight percents of SIO2, AL2O3, MGO, CAO, NA2O, K2O, TIO2, P2O2, MNO, and FETO3 Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 9 0.0 121.730 0.01 FE2O3 Ferric oxide concentration (in percent by weight) Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 10 -0.010 34.100 percent by weight 0.01 FEO Ferrous oxide concentration (in percent by weight) Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 10 -0.010 33.600 percent by weight 0.01 CO2 Carbon dioxide concentration (in percent by weight) Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 10 -0.010 18.000 percent by weight 0.01 H2O_PLUS "Essential" or "Bound" water (in percent by weight) Usually determined as the difference between total water and "moisture" (water lost from the sample on heating at 110 degrees centigrade). Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 10 -0.010 14.800 percent by weight 0.01 H2O_MINUS "Moisture" (water lost from the sample on heating at 110 degrees centigrade) (in percent by weight) Attribute_Type: String Attribute_Width: 10 -0.010 17.600 percent by weight 0.01 Jeff Grossmen USGS Mailing address

954 National Center

Reston VA 20192 USA 703-648-6184 jgrossmen@usgs.gov pluto-ig.shp The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides this vector data as is. The USGS makes no guarantee or warranty concerning the accuracy of information contained in the raster data. The USGS further makes no warranties, either expressed or implied as to any other matter whatsoever, including, without limitation, the condition of the product, or its fitness for any particular purpose. The burden for determining fitness for use lies entirely with the user. Although this data has been processed successfully on computers at the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS regarding the use of this data on any other system, nor does the fact of distribution constitute or imply any such warranty. ESRI shapefile 1.0 Sample locations and geochemical analysis unzip 3.4 megabytes http://tin.er.usgs.gov/pluto/igneous/plutoig.zip none 20030304 Peter N Schweitzer U.S. Geological Survey, ER Geologist mailing address

Mail Stop 954 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive

Reston VA 20192 USA 703-648-6533 703-648-6252 pschweitzer@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 none none